Galerina nana (Petri) Kühner, Encycl. Mycol. 7: 219. 1935.

= Naucoria nana Petri, Ann. Mycol. 2: 10. 1904 (basionym).
= Galera nana (Petri) Kühn. in Kühner & Romagnesi, Fl. Anal. Champ. Supér. 320. 1953 (comb. invalid).

Pileus 5-17(-21) mm diam, obtusely conic or campanulate when young, expanding at maturity to campanulate-umbonate or convex-umbonate, rarely plane; margin decurved, pellucid striate when moist, striate or nearly plicate at maturity; surface moist to dry (not viscid), hygrophanous, glabrous; partial veil remnants absent; when young disc and striae reddish brown (8E5-6) or brown (6-7E6-8), elsewhere light brown (6D5-6; "hazel"), becoming pale brownish yellow (5C5-6; "clay color") with moisture loss. Context thin, watery concolorous with pileus surface. Odor and taste mild. Lamellae adnexed to adnate, sometimes arcuate, distant with 2-3 series of lamellulae, convex, horizontal, broad (1-4 mm), pale brownish yellow (5C5-6; "clay color") when young, brownish orange (6C5-6; "ochraceous tawny") to light brown (6D6-7) at maturity. Stipe 10-25 X 1-2 mm, central, terete, ±equal, pliant, hollow, dull, moist to dry; apex pruinose, light brown to brown (6D-E6-7); base silky appressed-furfuraceous, brown (6-7E6-8), dark greyish brown (7-8E-F3-4) to dark brown (6-7F5-8); ornamentation on stipe base white to buff; partial veil absent (no fibrils on stipe or pileus margin).
Basidiospores (8.3-)8.5-13.0 X (5.2-)5.5-7.0 µm [range of means = 10.3-11.4 X 6.0-6.3 µm, mean of means = 10.9 ± 0.4 X 6.1 ± 0.2 µm, Q = 1.6-2.1, range of Q means = 1.7-1.8, mean of Q means = 1.77 ± 0.03, n = 20-25 spores per 6 specimens], amygdaliform to elongate amygdaliform, often with a distal umbo, dark brownish orange to brown, coarsely verrucose, with an indistinct to distinct smooth plage; distal end often smooth; loosened perispore absent; germ pore absent. Basidia 24-28(-32) X 6.5-9.5 µm, clavate, predominantly 2-spored, rarely 3- or 4 spored, clamped. Basidioles clavate. Hymenial cystidia common on lamellar sides and edges, metuloid, (38-)44-68 X 12.0-18.5(-21.0) µm, fusoid-ventricose to broadly lageniform with an elongated attenuated neck, pedicellate, obtuse, typically with an apical crown of acicular to amorphous, yellow to golden crystals; majority with walls 1-2 µm thick, relatively few with walls 0.5-1.0 µm thick, ranging from hyaline to pale yellow, greenish yellow, golden or pale brownish orange; cheilocystidia typically broader than the pleurocystidia. Pileipellis an ixocutis 100-180 µm thick, composed of cylindric hyphae 1.5-4.0 µm diam embedded in a gelatinous matrix; hyphae hyaline, mostly smooth, some with hyaline incrustations; pileipellis hyphae arising from a subcutis of repent, parallel, strongly incrusted hyphae 4-8 µm diam, cylindric to slightly inflated, nongelatinous; walls and incrustations yellowish brown to pale rusty brown. Tramal hyphae interwoven, shorter and broader (<18 µm diam) than subcutis hyphae, smooth. Stipe tissue monomitic; cortical and medullary hyphae undifferentiated, parallel, cylindric, smooth, nongelatinous, thin-walled to thick-walled, hyaline to pale brown, 2-8 µm diam in cortex, 4-15 µm diam in medulla. Caulocystidia abundant at stipe apex, uncommon or rare elsewhere, solitary or more commonly in clusters of 4-20, similar to the hymenial cystidia, 60-78 X 10.5-22.5(-26.0) µm, fusoid-ventricose with a long attenuated neck 6.5-11.5 µm diam, pedicellate, thick-walled (0.5-1.5 µm), hyaline to pale golden, with or without a crown of acicular to amorphous, yellow to orange crystals. White, silky ornamentation on stipe base composed of loosely interwoven cortical hyphae; hyphae 3-5 µm diam, smooth, relatively thick-walled (0.3-0.8 µm thick), hyaline, with cylindric, clavate or nearly sphaeropedunculate terminal cells. Clamp connections common in all tissues.
Habit, habitat and distribution in the Hawaiian Islands. Scattered on rotten, moss-covered logs of koa and ohi`a in Ohi`a-Koa Montane Wet Forest [dominated by ohi`a (Metrosideros polymorpha; Myrtaceae), koa (Acacia koa; Fabaceae), alien strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum; Myrtaceae), and karaka (Corynocarpus laevigatus; Corynocarpaceae)], or in Montane Wet Ohi`a Forest. Jul. to Jan. Kaua`i, Hawai`i, Moloka`i.
World distribution. Widespread throughout the world.
Selected descriptions and illustrations. Kühner, 1935; Smith & Singer, 1964; Watling & Gregory, 1993.
Specimens Examined. U.S.A. HAWAII: Kaua`i, Koke`e State Park, Kahuamaa Flat, near Kalalau Lookout, N22°ree; 09' 02.4", W159°ree; 38' 39.1", 1255 m, 5 Jan. 1994, DED 5982; Kaua`i, Koke`e State Park, Kahuamaa Flat, Kaluapuhi Trail, begins at N22°ree; 08.479', W159°ree; 38.734', ends at N22°ree; 09.067', W159°ree; 38.565', 5 Jan. 1995, DED 6171. Kaua`i, Koke`e State Park, Pu`u Ka `Ohelo Berry Flat Trail, 1120-1150 m, 8 Jan. 1994, DED 6027; Kaua`i, Koke`e State Park, Pu`u Ka`Ohelo Berry Flat Trail, between N22°ree; 07.158', W159°ree; 38.725' and N22°ree; 08.158', W159°ree; 38.585', 1120-1150 m, 7 Jan. 1995, DED 6194; Kaua`i, Ku`ia Natural Area Reserve, Nu`alolo Trail, 975-1160 m, 7 Jan. 1994, DED 6003 (ZT 5211); Kaua`i, Kuia Natural Area Reserve, Nualolo trail, N22°ree; 06.309' W159°ree; 40.603', 975-1160 m, 4 Jan. 1995, DED 6144. Hawai`i, Saddle Rd. at 18.5 mi kipuka, 27 Jul. 1993, DEH 262; Hawai`i, Saddle Rd. at 21.0 mi kipuka, 21 Dec. 1993, DEH 346. Moloka`i, Kamakou Forest Preserve, N21°ree; 07' 27.0", W156°ree; 55' 05.1", 1120-1220 m, 11 Jan. 1994, DED 6042; Moloka`i, Kamakou Forest Preserve, Hanalilolilo trail, ca 1200 m, N21°ree; 07.601', W156°ree; 54.917', 9 Jan. 1995, DED 6214.
Commentary. This is the first report of G. nana from the Hawaiian Islands. The species is easily identified by the crystal-incrusted metuloid hymenial cystidia, a feature that dictates placement in sect. Inocybeoides Singer. In the west, the species has a circumpacific distribution (Horak, 1983), with populations known from Argentina (Singer, 1969), Chile (Singer, 1969; Horak, unpubl.), New Zealand (Horak, 1983), Australia (Lord Howe Island, Tasmania: Horak, unpubl.), Japan (Imazeki & Hongo, 1971), Canada (Vancouver, British Columbia: Horak, unpubl.) and California (Desjardin, unpubl.). In the Hawaiian Islands, the species is most commonly associated with endemic plants in native habitats (koa and ohi`a), but scattered alien plants occur also in these habitats. Consequently, it is difficult to determine whether the species is a more recent introduction or an indigenous component of the native mycota.

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